Son las divisiones de la pantalla de un osciloscopio u otro instrumento que utiliza un tubo de rayos catódicos, LCD o incluso plasma donde se debe presentar información gráfica como formas de onda, figuras de Lissajous, etc.

En el caso del osciloscopio, este instrumento tiene una retícula, es decir, un conjunto de líneas verticales y horizontales graduadas y uniformemente espaciadas, como se muestra en la figura 1.

 


 

 

 

Esta retícula es muy importante porque podemos usarla para medir períodos, frecuencias y la amplitud de las señales observadas.

Las divisiones verticales se utilizan para medir la amplitud de una señal.

Veamos cómo se usan.

Supongamos que el amplificador vertical está configurado con una ganancia de 2 V por habitación. Esto significa que cada división de la retícula en la dirección vertical corresponde a un voltaje de amplitud de señal de 1 V, como se muestra en la figura 2.

 


| Haga click en la imagen para ampliar |

 

 

Si la señal observada ocupa dos divisiones en la dirección vertical, como se muestra en la misma figura, su amplitud alcanzará un pico a 2 V (2 x 2 V / div).

Vea que debemos ajustar la ganancia del amplificador para que tengamos una observación cómoda de la señal, lo que facilita la medición. Las graduaciones de la línea central vertical (eje Y) permiten evaluar los valores intermedios de la amplitud, funcionando como una regla.

Las divisiones horizontales se utilizan para medir tiempos, es decir, el período y, a partir de este valor, calcular la frecuencia de la señal que se observa.

Tomando como ejemplo el caso en el que la exploración se establece en 1 ms / div o 1 milisegundo por división, esto significa que una señal que tiene el ciclo completo ocupando dos divisiones horizontales, tendrá un período de 2 ms, como se muestra en la figura 3 .

 


 

 

Como el período es el inverso de la frecuencia, podemos calcular fácilmente la frecuencia de la señal:

T = 2 ms = 0.002 s

f = 1 / T

f = 1 / 0.002

f = 500 Hz

 

 

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